创始人墨翟（mò dí）。墨者从事谈辩者，称“墨辩”；从事武侠者，称“墨侠”；领袖称“巨子”。墨者多来自社会下层，内部组织严密、纪律严明，“杀人者死，伤人者刑”，以兴利除害为教育目的，尤其重视艰苦实践。墨家学派的核心思想包括“兼爱”“非攻”“节用”等，主张尊重贤才，任用能人。先秦时期，墨家与儒家被称为显学。
此外，墨家对力学、光学、逻辑学、军事攻防学都有研究。墨家的《墨经》类似百科全书，其中最早提出了“小孔成像”等物理原理。
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12.墨家
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9.Imperial City
The third moat in Yancheng from outside to inside is called Imperial City River, which is 500 meters long and 30 meters wide surrounding Imperial City.
Imperial City, also known as Ziluo City, is located in the center of Yancheng Relics Park and is square as a whole. The high wall around Imperial City is called Imperial City Wall, which is built by ramming earth.
It is said that Imperial City was the place where Yanjun ruled the government and lived. Archaeological discoveries of monuments like pillars and caves have proven that there were really large buildings here.
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10.竹木井
竹木井位于淹城子城内，距今约有三千年历史。这口井井深约7米，井口呈方形，井的四角用直径10厘米的原木固定，井壁四周编以细竹，起到了加固井壁和过滤井水的作用。
这种工造形式的水井，被称为“竹木井”，是中国早期水井样式之一，多见于南方平原地区。考古工作者在这口井下部发现一个陶罐，经考证为打水使用的工具，证明确有人类在此长期定居生活。
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13.Militarism
During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, wars erupted from time to time. Its typical figures were Sun Wu and Sima Rangju in the former period as well as others in the later period like Wu Qi and Sun Bin. In particular, Sun Wu has been respected as the “Forefather of Military Arts” and the “Sage of Military Affairs”. The Art of War, his magnum opus, was the oldest book in this regard. Thanks to its far-flung impact, the monograph has been reputed as the “Classic of Military Thought”.
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10.Bamboo Well
Bamboo Well is located in the Imperial City of Yancheng, with a history of about 3,000 years. The well is about 7 meters deep with square wellhead. Four corners of well are fixed with logs with a diameter of 10 cm. Thin bamboo is woven around the well wall to strengthen the well wall and filter the well water.
Such unique well is called “Bamboo Well”, as one of the early water well styles in China, mostly found in southern plain. Archaeologists found a pottery pot at the bottom of the well testified to be a tool used for fetching water, which proved that humans have settled here for a long time.
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14.Confucianism
Confucianism pervaded more 2,000 years of feudal China. Since Emperor Wu of Han prioritized Confucianism before all others, the school represented by Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi had gradually become the mainstream thought permeating traditional Chinese culture.
Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, claimed a state shall be governed through ritual and virtue. He initiated private education, thus being reputed as the forerunner of plebeian education. History records “The Confucian master has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages”. The Analects of Confucius has venerated as one of classics of Chinese thought and culture.
The statue of Confucius standing on the slope is 17 meters’ tall. The master, leaning forward with both hands clasped together, appears an amiable old man indeed. This image embodies Confucianism’s five virtues: moderation, kindness, respectfulness, frugalness and modesty. The stone inscription on the hill surface tells us what Confucius had undergone through his lifetime. Below this master are located statues of two junior sages—Mencius and Xunzi.
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13.兵家
春秋战国时期，烽火连天、战事频发。兵家的代表人物有春秋时期的孙武、司马穰苴，战国时的吴起、孙膑等。其中孙武被后人尊称为“兵学鼻祖”、兵圣，所著《孙子兵法》是世界上最古老的军事理论著作，对后世影响深远，被誉为“兵学圣典”。
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15.Legalism
Typical Legalist Hanfeizi argued the state shall be ruled through stern punishment and strict legislation. Hanfeizi, vintage work of the thinker, has influenced ancient and modern China. This school created a profound impact on Chinese history.
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14.儒家
儒家文化贯穿了中国2000多年的历史，自汉武帝罢黜百家，独尊儒术开始，以孔子、孟子、荀子为代表的儒家思想，逐渐成为中国传统文化的主流。
孔子是儒家学派的创始人，主张以礼乐治国，以德治国。他首创私学，开创了平民教育的先驱，史传说“门徒三千，贤者七十二”；而记录了孔子及其弟子言行的《论语》，则是中国思想文化最重要的经典之一。
儒家区域依托山势的孔子塑像，这尊雕像高17米，孔子双手作揖，身体微向前倾，为温厚长者的形象，体现了孔子“温、良、恭、俭、让”。山体上的石雕文字，讲述了孔子生平经历，孔子塑像下一左一右坐着的名别是儒家的另外两个代表人物孟子和荀子。
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16.Minor-Talk School
“Minor-Talk” originated from Zhuangzi. As said in “Records of Literature and Art”, The Book of Han Dynasty, “The school of minor talks is derived from minor officials who loved talking about anecdotes. It is about gossips, chats and suchlike.” Such minor officials mainly took charge of recording what the plebs talked about, namely legends. Yu Chu in Western Han Epoch was known as one of paragons of this school. Yu created An Anthology of Stories on Zhou Era, the first collection of stories ever in ancient China.